Networked and Embedded Systems Laboratory

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Abstract—Medical examinations often extract localized
symptoms rather than systemic observations and snap shots
rather than continuous monitoring. Using these methodologies,
one cannot discretely analyze how a patient’s lifestyle
affects his/her physiological conditions and if additional symptoms
occur under various stimuli. We present a minimally
invasive implantable pressure sensing system that actively
monitors long-term physiological changes in real-time. Specifically,
we investigate pressure changes in the upper urinary
tract per degree of obstruction. Our system integrates three
components: a miniaturized sensor module, a lightweight
embedded central processing unit with battery, and a PDA.
Our tether-free system measures pressure continuously for
forty-eight hours and actively transmits an outgoing signal
from an implanted sensor node to a remote PDA twenty feet
away. The software in this in-vivo system is remotely reconfigurable
and can be updated when needed. Preliminary experimental
results of the in-vivo pressure system demonstrate
how it can wirelessly transmit pressure readings measuring 0
to 1 PSI with an accuracy of 0.02 PSI. The challenges in biocompatible
packaging, transducer drift, power management,
and in-vivo signal transmission are discussed. This research
brings researchers a step closer to continuous, real-time systemic
monitoring that will allow one to analyze the dynamic
human physiology.

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